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No hyperlink on this page will be updated since the publication of this bibliography on October 10, 2001, but new books and articles have been added as recently as January 28, 2005.  Files with dead hyperlinks can perhaps be found by searching the archives section on the websites or the author’s website on which they were once stored.  Very brief annotations have been provided where feasible and in regards to some matter that makes the work somewhat different from the others.  However, some titles are self-explanatory and need no annotation.  Some annotations have not been provided because a copy of the source could not be obtained.  In a few instances, symposia, forums, and periodicals devoted specifically to Election 2000 have been listed under the main periodical title rather than individual author in order to facilitate obtaining hard copies of the material. Please report through this form mistakes in fact or any source that needs to be added to this bibliography.

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©  "Election 2000 Bibliography," Compiled by Patrick Fagan, http://workingpapers.org/bibliography/twothousbib.htm.

Articles 

             “After Nader: A Green Debate,” 23 Amicus 1 (Spring 2001): 23.
Interview with Ralph Nader.
 

American Behavioral Scientist Symposium.
 

American Behavioral Scientist.  44 American Behavioral Scientist 12 (August 2001).

A symposium on the 2000 Election that includes the following seven articles:

Andersen, Kenneth.  “Value/Ethical Issues in the 2000 Election,” 44 American Behavioral Scientist 12 (August 2001): 2068.

Barney, Tim.  “Celebrity, Spectacle, and the Conspiracy Culture of Election 2000,” 44 American Behavioral Scientist 12 (August 2001): 2331.

Golden, James.  “The Clinton Factor in the Presidential Contest of 2000,” 44 American Behavioral Scientist 12 (August 2001): 2269.

----.  “Disputed Ballots, Partisan Conflict, and Constitutional Uncertainty: The Election of 2000 in Historical Context,” 44 American Behavioral Scientist 12 (August 2001): 2252.

Kern, Montague.  “Disadvantage Al Gore in Election 2000: Coverage of Issue and Candidate Attributes, Including the Candidate as Campaigner, On Newspaper and Television News Web Sites,” 44 American Behavioral Scientist 12 (August 2001): 2125.

Ritter, Kurt and Buddy Howell.  “Ending the 2000 Presidential Election: Gore’s Concession Speech and Bush’s Victory Speech,” 44 American Behavioral Scientist 12 (August 2001): 2314.

Wardle, Claire and Kate Kenski and Dan Orr.  “The Voter News Service and the 2000 Election Night Calls,” 44 American Behavioral Scientist 12 (August 2001): 2306.

Black Scholar Special Issue.

“Black Election: 2000,” 31 Black Scholar 2 (Summer 2001): 2.

Special issue that consists of the following five articles that focus overall on the disenfranchisement of African American voters:

Asante, Molefi Kete.  “Criminal Archetypes in the 2000 Presidential Election: How Black Votes Were Stolen,” 31 Black Scholar 2 (Summer 2001): 30.

Covin, David.  “The Length of Memory: The Black Population and Presidential Election of 2000,”  31 Black Scholar 2 (Summer 2001): 33.

George, Hermon.  “Putting Election 2000 in Perspective: A Declaration of War,” 31 Black Scholar 2 (Summer 2001): 11.

Walton, Hanes.  “The Disenfranchisement of the African American Voter in the 2000 Presidential Election: The Silence of the Winner and Loser,” 31 Black Scholar 2 (Summer 2001): 21.

White, Jerry.  “Why Did the U.S. Media Black Out the Civil Rights Commission Report on the Florida vote?” 31 Black Scholar 2 (Summer 2001): 8.

“Election 2000: Focus on Crime and Corrections,” 62 Corrections Today 6 (October  2000): 140.

A presentation of Bush and Gore’s position on crime and corrections.

            “Florida Commissioner Recalls Recount Mayhem: Interview With C. A. Roberts,” 116 American City and County 5 (April 2001): 61.

Carol Roberts served on the canvassing board for the election.

Political Geography Forum.

“Forum on the 2000 Presidential Election and the Florida Debacle in Geographical Context,” 21 Political Geography 1 (January 2002): 67.

A symposium on the election, which includes the geography of Bush versus Gore and the landscapes of the election in Florida. Also included are the following five articles:

Clark, Archer.  “The Geography of an Interminable Election: Bush v. Gore, 2000,” 21 Political Geography 1 (January 2002): 71.

Uses county maps of popular votes and state-level electoral votes to show that Bush’s public support was greater in the South and West while Gore’s support was greater in metropolitan centers.

Leib, Jonathan and Jason Dittmer.  “Florida’s Residual Votes, Voting Technology, and the 2000 Election,” 21 Political Geography 1 (January 2002): 91.

Shelley, Fred.  “The Electoral College and the Election of 2000,” 21 Political Geography 1 (January 2002): 79.

Warf, Barney and Cynthia Waddell.  “Florida in the 2000 Presidential Election: Historical Precedents and Contemporary Landscapes,” 21 Political Geography 1 (January 2002): 85.

Webster, Gerald.  “The U.S. Presidential Election and the Bush v. Gore Supreme Court Decision,” 21 Political Geography 1 (January 2002): 99.

            “Gore Concedes Election to Bush, Pledges to Support President-Elect,” 58 CQ Weekly 48 (December 16, 2000): 2932.

Presents a transcript of Gore’s December 13, 2000 televised address conceding the presidency.

            “Non Sub Homine? A Survey and Analysis of the Legal Resolution of Election 2000,” 114 Harvard Law Review 7 (May 2001): 2170.

“Political Communication in the 2000 Election,” 19 Political Communication 1 (January/March 2002): 1.

A symposium on the election.           

Journal of Democracy Symposium.

“Revisiting Florida 2000,” 12 Journal of Democracy 2 (April 2001): 132.

A symposium on the election which includes the following four articles:

Gill, M.S.  “Insights from India,”  12 Journal of Democracy 2 (April 2001): 138.

Lewis, Doug.  “Failures of Law,” 12 Journal of Democracy 2 (April 2001): 140.

Soudriette, Richard.  “Promoting Democracy at Home,” 12 Journal of Democracy 2 (April 2001): 133.

Veshnyakov, A.  “Reflections from Russia: 2000 Presidential Election in Florida,” 12 Journal of Democracy 2 (April 2001): 143.

“Symposium: Trends in Election Reform,” 75 Spectrum 1 (Winter 2002): 5.

A section devoted to election reform, which includes state election reform not just in Florida but also in other states.

            “The 2000 Election,” 80 Congressional Digest 1 (January 2001): 13.

Part of a special issue on the electoral college system.

            “The 2000 Election: A Test of America’s Democratic Systems,” 80 Congressional Digest 1 (January 1, 2001): 13.

“The 2000 Election: The Presidency, Congress, and American Voters; Pro & Con: Highlights of the 2000 Democratic and Republican Platforms,” 79 Congressional Digest 10 (October 2000): 225.

Makes available the acceptance speeches of both Gore and Bush and also the profile of convention delegates.

            “The Candidate,” 11 CQ Researcher 4 (February 2, 2001): 76.

Explores some of the issues that Gore and Bush argued about during the election.

“The Great Florida Recount of 2000 as Told by Two Survivors,” 12 American Enterprise 2 (March 2001): 43.

Reports from eyewitnesses of what really happened during the election in Florida.

            “TV Networks Behind the Turmoil,”  (British Broadcasting Corporation, November 8, 2000).

Discusses the role that the American television networks played in the confusion over the winner in the presidential election in Florida.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/low/english/world/americas/newsid%5F1013000/1013167.stm

            “Unfair Again,” 359 Economist (June 9, 2001): 32.
Asserts that Commission on Civil Rights was partisan and that there is no proof that blacks were disenfranchised.  Attacks the report issued by the commission.

            “Voting from the Bench: Media Analysis of Legal Issues in the 2000 Postelection Campaign,”  46 American Behavioral Scientist 5 (January 2003): 642.

Deals mostly with the Palm Beach County butterfly ballot and equal protection litigation. Finds that media avoided the equal protection question so long that it finally came too little too late.

            Ackerman, Bruce.  “The Court Packs Itself,” 12 American Prospect 3 (February 12, 2001): 48.

Claims that Bush v. Gore was a “blatantly partisan act without any legal basis whatsoever” and that it could lead “to a recurrence of legal nihilism in the country’s law schools and to a cynicism that will gradually erode general confidence in the judicial system.” Calls on the US Supreme Court to block Bush’s judicial nominations.

American Political Science Association Special Edition.

            American Political Science Association. “Election 2000 Coverage,” 34 PS Online 1 (March 2001).

http://www.apsanet.org/PS/

Regarding the presidential election of 2000, the following articles may be found in the March issue of the journal of the American Political Science Association:

Presidential Vote Models: A Recount
            Larry M. Bartels and John Zaller
 

Modeling the Future: Lessons from the Gore Forecast
            Michael S. Lewis-Beck and Charles Tien
 

On Forecasting the Presidential Vote
            Christopher Wlezien
 

The Referendum That Didn’t Happen: The Forecasts of the 2000 Presidential Election
            James E. Campbell
 

Forecasting with Mixed Economic Signals: A Cautionary Tale
            Thomas M. Holbrook
 

Primary Colors: A Mixed Blessing for Al Gore
            Helmut Norpoth
 

It’s Perot Stupid! The Legacy of the 1992 Perot Movement in the Major-Party System, 1992-2000
            Walter J. Stone and Ronald B. Rapoport
 

Law and Data: The Butterfly Ballot Episode
            Henry E. Brady, Michael C. Herron, Walter R. Mebane, Jr., Jasjeet Singh Sekhon,         Kenneth W. Shotts, and Jonathan Wand
 

Popular Myths about Popular Vote-Electoral College Splits
            Brian J. Gaines
 

George W. Bush and the Ghosts of Presidents Past
            Fred I. Greenstein
 

Bipartisan Governing: Possible, Yes; Likely, No
            Barbara Sinclair
 

            Alvarez, Michael and Lisa Bedolla. “The Foundations of Latino Voter Partisanship: Evidence from the 2000 election,” 65 Journal of Politics 1 (February 2003): 31.

Main focus is on Latinos who likely voted in the election and on the partisanship of Latinos.

            Andrew, Stephen.  “Voting Turns Into a Joke: Use of Internet in US Presidential Campaign,” 129 New Statesman (December 25, 2000/January 1, 2001): 60.

Remembers the predictions for the election to be the first Internet election. Explains that dot.com election firms were mostly disappointed. Describes the amateur humor that thrived across the Internet and how some firms tried to market the humor. Claims that the Internet is still likely to prove vital in future presidential elections.

Anand, Sowmya and Jon Krosnick.  “The Impact of Attitudes Toward Foreign Policy Goals on Public Preferences Among Presidential Candidates: A Study of Issue Publics and the Attentive Public in the 2000 US Presidential Election,”  33 Presidential Studies Quarterly 1 (2003): 31.

Find that foreign policy evaluations of citizens impacted their candidate choice, especially when that candidate took a clear stand on some issue.

            Ashbee, Edward.  “The Also-Rans: Nader, Buchanan and the 2000 US Presidential Election,” 72 Political Quarterly 2 (April/June 2001): 159.

Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.  Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication.  84^th Conference, Washington, DC, August 5-8, 2001.

Includes the following papers: Jennifer Profitt’s “Gatekeeping and the Editorial Cartoon: A Case Study of the 2000 Presidential Campaign Cartoons” and  Jane Singer’s “Campaign Contributions: Online Newspapers Go Beyond Shovelware in Covering Election 2000.”

Barrett, Patrick.  “Strategic Lessons of the 2000 Presidential Election: A Pro-Nader Perspective,” 8 Constellations 3 (September 2001): 348.

Claims Nader’s involvement in the election was positive because it encouraged debate among the Left. Includes a case study of Walter Mondale’s campaign for comparison.

            Beck, Michael.  “Modelers v. Pollsters: The Election Forecasts Debate,” 6 Harvard International Journal of Press Politics 2 (April 1, 2001):10.
Commentary that predicts the future of election forecasting still to be bleak.

Bell, Daniel.  “Election 2000 and Future Prospects,” 38 Society 4 (May/June 2001): 78.

Focuses on possible reasons why Gore did not win.  Asserts that disagreements between Bush and Gore over issues of gay rights, abortion, and the environment had a diminutive part in the campaign of each.

            Bennett, Robert.  “Popular Election of the President Without a Constitutional Amendment,”  (March 27, 2001).
Forthcoming in Green Bag

http://www.ssrn.com
Suggests that there is another way, without constitutional amendment, to have a nationwide popular vote instead of the electoral college.

            Berger, Mitchell and Candice Tobin.  “Election 2000: The Law of Tied Presidential Elections,” 26 Nova Law Review 3 (Spring 2002): 647.

            Bettelheim, Adriel. “Electors of Last Resort,”  CQ Weekly (December 1, 2000): 2767.

            Biemer, Paul,  Ralph Folsom, Richard Kulka, Judith Lessler, Michael Weeks.  “An Evaluation of Procedures and Operations Used by the Voter News Service for the 2000 Presidential Election,”  67 Public Opinion Quarterly 1 (2003): 32.

            Birnbaum, Norman.  “After the Debacle,” 72 Political Quarterly 2 (April/June 2001): 146.

            Bitzer, J. Michael and Keesha Scott. “Reverse Coattails in the 2000 Presidential Election,” Paper prepared for delivery at the 2001 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, San Francisco, August 30-September 2, 2001.
Claim that riding the coattails was not significant in the 2000 presidential election.  Declare that 2000 is the year of the reverse coattails.

Blustain, Sarah.  “Election 2000: Behind the Rhetoric,” 33 Psychology Today 5 (September/October 2000): 48.

Describes the personality and characteristic expressions of Bush and Gore.

Borosage, Robert and Stanley Greenberg.  “Progressive Mandate,” 12 American Prospect 7 (April 2001): 13.

Say that because Gore’s platform during the election was obviously preferred over Bush’s, the Democrats should focus on what they have been rather than challenge the election.

            Brace, Paul and Laura Langer.  “The Florida Supreme Court in the 2000 Presidential Election: Ambiguity, Ideology, and Signaling in a Judicial Hierarchy,”  34 PS Online 3 (September 2001).

http://www.apsanet.org/PS/

Examine the 2001 Presidential election and how the Florida Supreme Court and US Supreme Court took its positions.

            Brady, Henry and Michael Herron and Walter Mebane.  “Law and Data: The Butterfly Ballot Episode,” 34 PS, Political Science and Politics 1 (March 2001): 59.      

Brigman, William.  “The Chad Legal Wars: The Role of the Courts in the 2000 Presidential Election,” 10 Research in Political Sociology (2002): 223.

Discusses the major court cases and states that the legal participants of Election 2000 did their job well, especially at the state level. Remarks that the US Supreme Court was not so good in its role and that its decision that went against the Florida Supreme Court will probably spark a movement to increase equal protection in voting rights.

            Brinkley, Douglas.  “The Great Election 2000 Media Debacle,”  6 Harvard International Journal of Press Politics 2 (April 1, 2001): 82. 
General commentary.

            Buehll, Emmett.  “The 2000 Elections,” 64 Journal of Politics 2 (May 2002): 632.

            Burden, Barry.  “Did Ralph Nader Elect George W. Bush? An Analysis of Minor Parties in the 2000 Presidential Election,”  Paper prepared for delivery at the 2001 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, San Francisco, August 30-September 2, 2001.

http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~burden/papers.html
Examines the roles that Pat Buchanan and Ralph Nader played in the 2000 presidential election.

            ----. “Ralph Nader’s Campaign Strategy in the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election.” Forthcoming from American Politics Research. Also see http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~burden/papers.html

Those observing the 2000 presidential campaign agreed that Ralph Nader could not win the presidency but disagreed about his actual strategy. Many Democrats contended that he was playing the role of “spoiler” in an attempt to influence the outcome of the election. Others argued that he was trying to earn five percent of the popular vote to secure matching funds for the Green Party in the next presidential election. I analyze Nader’s campaign strategies to evaluate these competing hypotheses. Data on candidate appearances by Gore and Nader are gathered from media reports and operatives in both campaigns. Multivariate models find that Nader’s travel schedule, unlike Gore’s, was not affected by the closeness of the major-party race. Nader’s appearances were driven primarily by opportunities for attracting a large number of voters, demonstrating that earning five percent of the vote was indeed a central campaign goal. Data on television advertising by the campaigns produce a parallel result. This finding resolves an ongoing debate about Nader in particular but also points to broader differences in major and minor party campaign strategies. (Annotation supplied by the author.)

            ----.  “Minor Parties in the 2000 Presidential Election.” In Models of Voting in Presidential Elections: The 2000 U.S. Election, ed. Herbert F. Weisberg and Clyde Wilcox. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003.

            Caraley, Demetrios.  “Why Americans Need a Constitutional Right to Vote for Presidential Electors,” 116 Political Science Quarterly 1 (Spring 2001): 1.

            Choper, Jesse.  “Why the Supreme Court Should Not Have Decided the Presidential Election of 2000,” (August 31, 2001).
http://www.ssrn.com

            Conca, Ken. “The Environment in Campaign 2000: Laying a foundation for citizen activism,” 47 Dissent 3 (2000): 31.

Ralph Nader and Al Gore constitute most of the article, with Gore’s environmental background being questioned.

            Cook, Charles.  “The End of Politics? Looking Beyond the Election,” 24 Washington Quarterly 1 (Winter 2001): 239. Paints a bleak picture for politics in which stalemates and power struggles are characteristic. 

            ----.  “How Does 2000 Stack Up?” 24 Washington Quarterly 2 (Spring 2001): 213.
Describes the divisions among the electorate and in voting patterns. Various polls are presented.

            Cue, Lourdes.  “Election 2000: The Latino Factor,” 14 Hispanic 1/2 (January/February 2001): 24.

Says that more Hispanics voted in this presidential election than in previous elections. Notes that the Bush campaign spent millions trying to gain Hispanic support. Provides details of the Hispanic contribution in various states and how shifts in the Hispanic vote reflect changes in the Latino population. Shows why the TV networks miscalculated the outcome of the election in Florida.      

Davison, Donald.  “Election 2000: Voting Issues and Recommendations,” 2 Insights on Law & Society 1 (Fall 2001): 13.

Dudley, Robert.  “The Contemporary Presidency: The Presidential Election of 2000: A Great Civics Lesson?” 31 Presidential Studies Quarterly 3 (September 2001): 505.

Questions civic rather than technological issues of the election and encourages reform based on a better understanding of voters rather than technology.

Edwards, Cary.  “Election Reform: Will There be a Silver Lining to Election 2000?” New Jersey Lawyer 208 (April 2001): 17.

            Edwards, Janis. “Running in the Shadows in Campaign 2000: Candidate metaphors in editorial cartoons,” 44 American Behavioral Scientist 12 (August 2001): 2040.

Categorizes cartoons of Bush and Gore by character, competence, viability, independence, and charisma.

            Eimer, Stuart.  “Labor and the 2000 Election: Reinventing Union Politics,” Research in Political Sociology 10 (2002): 213.

Epstein, Richard and Mike Godwin.  “The Legacy of Election 2000,” 32 Reason 10 (March 2001): 46.

Present a discussion on the possible legal consequences of Bush’s win.

            Erikson, Robert.  “The 2000 Presidential Election in Historical Perspective,” 116 Political Science Quarterly 1 (Spring 2001): 29.

Examines the forecaster’s error in predicting a Gore victory and follows the campaign horse race in national and state polls.

Erikson, Robert and Joseph Bafumi and Bret Wilson.  “Was the 2000 Presidential Election Predictable?” 34 PS: Political Science and Politics 4 (December 2001): 815.

Use Bayesian Model Averaging and a presidential approval variable to conclude that their election model would produce more accurate results.

Farnsworth, Stephen and Robert Lichter.  “Increasing Candidate-Centered Televised Discourse: Evaluating Local News Coverage of Campaign 2000,”  9 Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 2 (Spring 2004): 76.

Provide a content analysis of local television newscasts during Election 2000 that focuses in part on sound bites and on the amount of news coverage.

Fiorina, Morris and Samuel Abrams and Jeremy Pope.  “The 2000 US Presidential Election: Can Retrospective Voting Be Saved?  33 British Journal of Political Science 2 (2003): 163.

Apply National Election Studies to account for Gore’s election loss after the media predicted him to win.  Claim the loss had little to do with his personality, but was likely due to his not taking credit or getting credit for successes of the Clinton Administration.

            Florida State Courts.  “Supreme Court of Florida: Documents in the Presidential Election,”

Offers a collection of legal documents from the Supreme Court of Florida and the US Supreme Court.

http://www.flcourts.org/pubinfo/election/

Foerstel, Karen.  “Back on the Hustings,” CQ  Weekly  (December 2, 2000): 2769.

Headings include Supporters Go South and  Buttonholing the Locals.

Franck, Matthew.  “Election 2000 Revisited,” 33 Presidential Studies Quarterly 1 (2003): 238.

Reviews the books of Sunstein, Epstein, Posner, and Gillman, which mostly focus on the US Supreme Court involvement in Election 2000.

            Frankovic, Kathleen. “News Organizations’ Responses to the Mistakes of Election 2000: Why they will continue to project elections,” 67 Public Opinion Quarterly 1 (2003): 19.

Argues it is “factually and functionally wrong”  to say the consequences of Election 2000 were due to media coverage.

Discusses how Voter News Service  and various TV networks reacted and responded to the news coverage debacle of  Election 2000.  Despite budget cuts, news organizations agreed to increase spending on the Voter News Service, which purportedly reduces competition of networks to call the election winner first.

            Friedman, Richard.  “Bush v. Gore,”  128 Commonweal 1 (January 12, 2001): 9.

            ----.  “Trying to Make Peace With Bush v. Gore,” (June 8, 2001).  Florida State University Law Review, Forthcoming
http://www.ssrn.com
Claims that the Florida Legislature did not have authority to pick a slate of electors and state law did not keep Florida from continuing any recount beyond December 12.

Galbraith, James.  “Corporate Democracy; Civic Disrespect,” 48 Dissent 2 (Spring 2001): 23.

Creates six dimensions in which the election was manipulated.  The dimensions are “the assault on former President Bill Clinton’s character before he left office; the invention of President George W. Bush’s image; the rearrangement of the political landscape following the presidential election in 1996; Ralph Nader’s 2000 presidential campaign; the deliberate disruption of the economy from 1999 through May 2000; and the counting of votes in Florida in the 2000 presidential election.”

            Gallup Organization.  “Americans Support Proposal to Eliminate Electoral College System,” (January 5, 2001).

http://www.gallup.com/poll/releases/pr010105.asp

            ----.  “Election 2000: A Data Summary,” (December 22, 2000).
http://www.gallup.com/poll/reports/sr001222.asp

            Gans, Curtis.  “Electoral College Reform,” 80 Congressional Digest 1 (January 2001): 12, 32.

Declares that the electoral college is the best democratic safeguard of federalism, pluralism, and citizen participation.

            Garrett, Elizabeth.  “Institutional Lessons from the 2000 Presidential Election,” (May 19, 2001).

http://www.ssrn.com
Announces that Congress was the better institution for resolving disputes in the election because the Electoral Count Act would have reduced opportunistic behavior.

Gibson, James and Gregory Caldeira and Lester Spence.  “The Supreme Court and the US Presidential Election of 2000: Wounds, Self-Inflicted Or Otherwise?”  33 British Journal of Political Science 4 (2003): 535.

 Claim that the US Supreme Court lost very little legitimacy after its Bush v. Gore decision, even with African Americans. 

            Giroux, Gregory.  “Breaking the Tie: Parties Seek Formula For Majority Status,” 59 CQ Weekly 7 (February 17, 2001): 362.

Says regional differences in voting patterns were a significant factor in all the 2000 elections. Claims the parties must address these differences in order to gain a majority status. Ideology, geography, and demographics are examined.

            ----.  “Split-Ticket Voting Lowest in 48 Years,” 59 CQ Weekly 19 (May 2001): 1052.

            Gordon, Ann and Jerry Miller.  “Values and Persuasion During the First Bush-Gore Presidential Debate,” Paper prepared for delivery at the 2001 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, San Francisco, August 30-September 2, 2001.

Examine the effects of the main candidates’ appealing to values.  Claim that those who chose Gore were clearly more egalitarian in their orientation than undecided voters who chose Bush or could not decide.

Green, John.  “Faith in the Vote: Religiosity and the Presidential Election,” 12 Public Perspective 2 (March/April 2001): 33.

Presents an analysis of religious voting patterns and the effect of religious voters to create a close election.

Grossback, Lawrence and Allan Hammock.  “Overcoming One-Party Dominance: How Contextual Politics and West Virginia Helped Put George Bush in the White House,”  31 Politics & Policy 3 (September 2003): 406.

Make use of qualitative data from local and national media and quantitative data from county-level election returns.

Guinier, Lani.  “What We Must Overcome,” 12 American Prospect 5 (March 2001): 26.

Suggests that the Bush v. Gore decision makes the time ripe for healthy “political agitation rather than judicial activism.”

            Harris Interactive.  “Al Gore Preferred by Most Democrats and Many Independents as Democratic Candidate in 2004,” (January 26, 2001).
http://www.harrisinteractive.com/harris_poll/index.asp?PID=217

            Harrison, Thomas.  “Election 2000: Infamy and Hope,”  8 New Politics 30 (2001): 5.

http://www.wpunj.edu/icip/newpol/issue30/cont30.htm

Loud commentary. Chronicles the decline of the Democratic party.  Claims there is hope for a progressive third party and independent Left politics in Green Party candidate Ralph Nader.  Discusses implications for the future of third-party politics.

            Hasen, Richard.  “A Tincture of Justice: Judge Posner’s Failed Rehabilitation of Bush v. Gore,”  (September 2001);
80 Texas Law Review 1, Forthcoming
http://www.ssrn.com
Gives a criticism of Posner’s book, Breaking the Deadlock.

            Herron, M.C. and J.S. Sekhon. “Overvoting and Representation: An examination of overvoted presidential ballots in Broward and Miami-Dade Counties,” 22 Electoral Studies 1 (March 2003): 21.

Central topic in this paper is the casting of multiple votes for president on a single ballot. Note that two voting precincts with significant numbers of African-Americans and Hispanics had high presidential overvoting rates.

Hilgartner, Stephen.  “Election 2000 and the Production of the Unknowable,” 31 Social Studies of Science 3  (June 2001): 439.

Looks at the suppression, containment, and destruction of knowledge in regards to Election 2000.

Hillygus, D.  “Campaign Effects and the Dynamics of Turnout  Intention in Election 2000,”  67  Journal of Politics 1 (February 2005): 50.

Uses a Markov chain transition model to test whether campaign efforts influence turnout intention.

Hillygus, D. and Simon Jackman.  “Voter Decision Making in Election 2000:  Campaign Effects, Partisan Activation, and the Clinton Legacy,” 47 American Journal of Political Science 4 (October 2003): 583.

Use a repeated measures survey design to find in part that support for Gore will increase after the conventions instead of the debates. Conversely, support for Bush increases with the debates instead of the conventions. Claim that voter response to campaigning is greatest among Independents and undecided voters.

Himmelfarb, Gertrude.  “Religion in the 2000 Election,” Public Interest 143 (Spring 2001): 20.

Describes the affect on society that religion had during the election.

Hines, Revathi.  “The Silent Voices: 2000 Presidential Election and the Minority Vote in Florida,” 26 Western Journal of Black Studies 2 (2002): 71.

Says blacks had to use polling sites that did not have a process to confirm eligibility of the voters, that had used defective ballots, and that kept ex-felons from voting.   Takes issue with the fact that some Hispanics and Haitians were not given bilingual help.

            Jamieson, Kathleen and Paul Waldman.  “The Morning After: The Effect of the Network Call for Bush,” 19 Political Communication 1 (January/March 2002): 113.

Jasanoff, Sheila.  “Election 2000: Mechanical Error or System Failure?” 31 Social Studies of Science 3 (June 2001): 461.

Studies whether the election was caused by mechanical failure of voting equipment or by defects in the democratic system.

            Jin, Canrong.  “The US Presidential Election and its Influence on Sino-US Relations,” 43 Beijing Review 13 (March 2000): 15.

            Jewett, Aubrey.  “Explaining Variation in Ballot Invalidation among Florida Counties in the 2000 Election,”  Paper prepared for delivery at the 2001 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, San Francisco, August 30-September 2, 2001.
 

Johnson, Dennis.  “The 2000 American Presidential Election: Lessons From The Closest Contest In American History,” 1 Journal of Political Marketing 2-3 (2002): 69.

Asserts that the electoral college did work.

Jones, Clifford.  “Voting from the Bench: Media Analysis of Legal Issues in the 2000 Postelection Campaign,” 46 American Behavioral Scientist 5 (January 2003): 642.

Concerned with the legal circumstances of the Palm Beach County “butterfly ballot” and equal protection litigation. Uses content analysis of network evening news from November 7 to December 13, 2000.  States that the news media disregarded the equal protection issue until after major campaigning was completed.

             Kaplan, Edward and Arnold Barnett.  “A New Approach to Estimating the Probability of Winning the Presidency,” (August 30, 2001).
http://www.ssrn.com
Present a method by which pollsters can achieve both point estimates and margins of error for a presidential candidate’s electoral-vote total.

Kassop, Nancy.  “The 2000 Presidential Election and its Aftermath,”  5 Rhetoric & Public Affairs 4 (2002): 741.

Reviews the books of Kathleen Hall, Paul Waldman, Jack Rakove, Cass Sunstein, Richard Epstein, and Howard Gillman.

Kazin, Michael.  “The Higher Immorality, 2000,” 48 Dissent 2 (Spring 2001): 31.

Contends successful macroeconomic periods allowed the candidates to ignore “gaping inequalities and mass suffering” of the people “who are not mobilized to fight for themselves.”

Kincaid, John.  “The 2000 U.S. Presidential Election: National and Local Politics in American Federalism,” 62  Indian Journal of Political Science 2 (June 2001): 201.

States that federalism continues to keep politics and government local.

             Klarman, Michael.  “Bush v. Gore Through the Lens of Constitutional History,” (May 19, 2001).
http://www.ssrn.com

Asserts the decision was a product of the conservative partisanship and preference for Bush in the election.  Claims that long-term consequences of the decision, regarding the Court’s reputation, will be insignificant because the issue will become obsolete.

Kleppner, Caleb.  “Voting Reforms After Florida,” 90 National Civic Review 2 (Summer 2001): 189.

Summarizes breakdowns in the election and examines events at the local, state, and federal levels designed to offset future problems.

            Laden, Anthony.  “Democratic Legitimacy and the 2000 Election,” 21 Law and Philosophy 2 (March 2002): 197.

Leuchtenburg, William.  “The Election of 2000,” 29 OAH Newsletter 1 (2001).

Discusses the political division demonstrated in Election 2000, which purportedly shows that Bush will have just as much trouble in a bid for re-election in 2004.

Levine, Kenneth.  “Election 2000, the Presidential Debates, and Nader: Would Participation Have Made a Difference?” 44 American Behavioral Scientist 12 (August 2001): 2219.

Asserts that Nader gained enough votes to affect the decision in the 2000 election even though he did not participate in any televised debates with the other top candidates. Encourages reform in the presidential debates.

Lewicki, Don and Tim Ziaukas.  “The Digital Tea Leaves of Election 2000: The Internet and the Future of Presidential Politics,” 5 First Monday 12 (2000): D4.

http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue5_12/lewicki/index.html

Provide an evaluation of Bush’s, Gore’s, Nader’s and Buchanan’s campaign websites. Place the candidates’ website in a digital archive.

            Lewis, Doug.  “Failures of Law,” 12 Journal of Democracy 2 (April 2001): 140.

Criticism of the Florida legislature for not writing a law “making it possible to have a fair election.” Claims state legislators are focused on how election procedures will impact only them. Identifies two specific features of the Florida election law that led to the debacle.

Lichtman, Allan.   “Election 2000: The Keys Point to Gore,”  64 Social Education 6 (October 2000): 376.

Says that Al Gore will become president in 2000 due to the success of the Clinton presidency and creates a true-or-false question set that predicts whether the party currently in power will win.

Lopach, James and Jean Luckowski.  “Presidential Character in Election 2000,” 64 Social Education 5 (September 2000): 272.

Provide important description of the characters of the political leaders. Explain how and why character, personality, and biography are key components of winning the presidency.

Magee, Christopher.  “Third-Party Candidates and the 2000 Presidential Election,”  84 Social Science Quarterly 3 (2003): 574.

Bases his suppositions on 2 surveys in order to discuss a hypothetical election between Bush and Gore.  Conjectures how voters of third-party candidates would have been garnered by Bush and Gore.

            Mangum, Maruice.  “Election 2000: Explaining African American Turnout,”  Paper prepared for delivery at the 2001 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, San Francisco, August 30-September 2, 2001.
Believes African Americans overwhelmingly voted to defend their status as the main minority.

            Mann, Thomas.  “An Agenda for Election Reform,”  (Brookings Institution, 2001).

http://www.brookings.org/comm/policybriefs/pb082/pb82.htm

Marshall,Will and Robert Borosage and Stanley Greenberg and Guy Molyneux and Mark Penn.  “Dems: Round Two,” 12 American Prospect 8 (May 2001): 20.

Give commentaries on Penn’s "Lessons of 2000" and Molyneux’s “Back to the Future with the DLC.”  Penn and Molyneux’s responses to the commentaries are available.

Mathis, Deborah.  “How the Media Missed or Misread the Black Vote of 2000,” 6 Harvard International Journal of Press and Politics 2 (Spring 2001): 89.

Says the black vote was devalued by the media ignoring African Americans who reported irregularities and intimidation near the polls.

Mayer, Kenneth.  “Assessing the 2000 Presidential Election Dispute - Judicial and Social Science Perspectives,” 29 Congress And The Presidency 1 (2002): 91.

Reviews books by Alan Dershowitz, Howard Gillman, Abner Greene, and Richard Posner.

            McAfee, Joy.  “2001: Should the College Electors Finally Graduate? The Electoral College: An American Compromise From its Inception to Election 2000,” 32 Cumberland Law Review 3 (2001/2002): 643.

Milkis, Sidney.  “The 2000 Election and the Prospects of President George W. Bush: A Historical Perspective,” 17 Miller Center Report 2 (Spring 2001): 20.

Compares the 2000 election with other controversial elections.

            Miller, Arthur and Thomas Klobucar. “The Role of Issues in the 2000 US Presidential Election,” 33 Presidential Studies Quarterly 1 (March 2003): 101.

Show the failure of Gore to profit from the economic fortune of Clinton. Assert that Bush was unable to take advantage of poor moral choices of Clinton.  Claim there was no one issue for the public to be swayed for one presidential candidate or the other.

Miller, Clark.  “Interrogating the Civic Epistemology of American Democracy: Stability and Instability in the 2000 US Presidential Election,” 34 Social Studies of Science 4 (2004): 501.

            Murray, Iain.  “Try It the British Way,” (Statistical Assessment Service, December 2, 2000).

Describes the principles used in the United Kingdom to prevent the questioning of election results when races are close.

http://www.stats.org/statswork/britvote.htm

Myrick, Howard.  “Television’s Role in Election 2000: How the Networks Contributed to a History-Making Debacle and How to Avoid Such Disasters in the Future,” 31 Television Quarterly 1 (Spring 2001): 14.

Assesses the quantity and quality of TV coverage over the election.

Nitschke, Lori and Mary Agnes Carey.  “Lobbyists  Temper Expectations,” CQ Weekly  (December 2, 2000): 2764.

Headings include Hedging Bets, Monetary Support, and Reading the Tea Leaves.

            Norris, Pippa.  “Too Close to Call: Opinion Polls in Campaign 2000,”  6 Harvard International Journal of Press  Politics 1 (February 1, 2001): 3.
Provides an analysis of the horse-race coverage.

            ----. “Back to Chicken Entrails? Problems of opinion polls in US Campaign 2000,” 38 Representation 2 (2001): 106.

The exit poll of the Voter News Service is one of the many polls under analysis in this article.

            Norpoth, Helmut.  “Primary Colors: A Mixed Blessing For Al Gore,” 34 PS, Political Science and Politics 1 (March 2001): 45.

http://www.gallup.com/poll/releases/pr000627.asp

Author explains why his prediction for Al Gore decisively beating George Bush was wrong. Examines forecast models.

            Ornstein, Norman. “The Legacy of Campaign 2000,” 24 Washington Quarterly 2 (2001): 99.

            Overton, Spencer.  “A Place at the Table: Bush v. Gore Through the Lens of Race,” Social Science Network (August 13, 2001).

http://www.ssrn.com/

Uses race to expose shortcomings of merit-based assumptions.  Says merit-based criteria is a bad form of exclusion.

            Palmer, Elizabeth.  “Election Overhaul Proposals Spring Up,” 58 CQ Weekly 48 (December 16, 2000): 2855.

Provides details of the bill that congressional members began introducing after the election.

----.  “The Court and Public Opinion,” CQ Weekly  (December 2, 2000): 2771.

Headings include Judicial Lawmaking and Judicial Review.

            ----. “Facing the Judgment of History,” 58 CQ Weekly 48 (December 16, 2000): 2854.

Describes the role of the US Supreme Court in the election and its possible opening of a Pandora’s Box in election law.

           Pew Research Center.  “Many Question Bush or Gore as Legitimate Winner,” (December 1, 2000).

http://www.people-press.org/result00rpt.htm

            ----.  “Despite Uncertain Outcome, Campaign 2000 Highly Rated,” (November 16, 2000).
http://www.people-press.org/post00rpt.htm

Phillips, Andrew.  “Victory at Last,” 113 Maclean’s 52 (December 2000/January 2001): 108.

Summarizes the election quickly.

Phillips, Kevin.  “His Fraudulency the Second? The Illegitimacy of George W. Bush,” 12 American Prospect 2 (January 2001): 22.

Asserts that the lack of popular plurality is contemporarily more significant than the last time it happened in 1888.

            Pomper, Gerald.  “The 2000 Presidential Election: Why Gore Lost,” 116 Political Science Quarterly 2 (Summer 2001): 201.

Asserts that the presidential election of 2000, with its victory of a candidate with fewer popular votes and its decisive intervention of the Supreme Court, is a paradox of democracy.

Pulliam, Mark.  “The Lawyers’ War on Law: It Didn’t End With Florida,” 12 American Enterprise 2 (March 2001): 21.

Introduces a positive view of how the rule of law can be re-established in elections.

            Rambo, Lynne.  “The Lawyers’ Role in Selecting the President: A Complete Legal History of the 2000 Election,” 8 Texas Wesleyan Law Review 2 (Spring 2002): 105.

Reavy, Matthew.  “USA Today Reports of Tracking Polls Sometime Ignore Sampling Error,”  25 Newspaper Research Journal 2 (Spring 2004): 116.

Uses a content analysis of USA Today’s tracking-poll results from September 8 and November 7, 2000. Shows that USA Today discussed change and difference in its Election 2000 daily tracking poll in spite of the sampling error being accounted for.

Reichert, Tom and James Mueller and Michael Nitz.  “Disengaged and Uninformed: 2000 Presidential Election Coverage in Consumer Magazines Popular With Young Adults,”  80 Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 3 (2003): 513.

Give a content analysis of popular magazines that shows for the most part that coverage is typically superficial.  Report that the magazines designed for men were mostly cynical and favored Al Gore.

Richie, Rob and Steven Hill and Caleb Kleppner.  “Reclaiming Democracy in the 21st Century: Instant Runoffs, Proportional Representation, and Cumulative Voting,” 31 Social Policy 2 (Winter 2000): 35.

Claim that voters in many democracies have much better methods than those in America.

            Roper Center.  “Gallup/CNN/USA Today Poll # 52: Florida Election Decision Reaction,” (November 26, 2000).
Sample size 881.

http://roperweb.ropercenter.uconn.edu/cgi-bin/hsrun.exe/roperweb/Catalog40/stateid/
BmU586kaoBzrwIEU5QTjRjUDLZ/HAHTpage/summary_link?archno=USAIPOCNUS2000-52

            ----.  “Gallup/CNN/USA Today Poll # 48: Presidential Election Reaction Poll,” (November 11, 2000).
Sample size 1,014.

http://roperweb.ropercenter.uconn.edu/cgi-bin/hsrun.exe/roperweb/Catalog40/stateid/

BmU586kaoBzrwIEU5QTjRjUDLZ/HAHTpage/summary_link?archno=USAIPOCNUS2000-48

            Roush, Matt.  “The Night That Stunned the Nation,”  48 TV guide 48 (November 25, 2000): 48.

Includes the Robins Report, Andrew Ferguson, and Christopher Buckley on the end of the campaign.

Rudolph, Thomas and Tobin Grant.  “An Attributional Model of Economic Voting: Evidence From the 2000 Presidential Election,”  55 Political Research Quarterly 4 (2002): 805.

Shows that the party of the incumbent candidate benefited from those citizens who believed the economy improved and gave credit to the president for that improvement.

Salokar, RM and KA. Shaw.  “The impact of national politics on state courts: Florida after election 2000,” 23 Justice System Journal 1 (2002): 57.

Seek to determine whether the legislature used Election 2000 to pressure the judicial branch into accepting court reform during the 2001 legislative session. Look at judicial selection, court staffing, the court’s budget, and proposals for constitutional revision to report some legislative achievement in reshaping the judiciary as a result of Election 2000.

            Samples, John.  “Lessons of Election 2000,”  Cato Institute (2000).

http://www.cato.org/pubs/briefs/bp59.pdf

            Scheppele, Kim.  “When the Law Doesn’t Count: The 2000 Election and the Failure of the Rule of Law,” 149 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 5 (May 2001): 1361.

            Schlesinger, Arthur.  “Not the People’s Choice,” 13 American Prospect 6 (March 2002): 23.

Requests that the electoral college be kept and that future popular-vote winners be awarded “a bonus of electoral college votes.”

Sherman, Elaine and Leon Schiffman.  “Political Marketing Research in the 2000 US Election,”  1 Journal of Political Marketing 2-3 (2002): 53.

Provide a comparison of polls based on what became error and on what finally became correct. Offer exploratory research on the opinions of people who responded to the poll and the potential impact of those polls.

            Shane, Peter.  “Disappearing Democracy: How Bush v. Gore Undermined the Federal Right to Vote for Presidential Electors,” (September 2001).
http://papers.ssrn.com/paper.taf?abstract_id=278283
Asserts that the US Supreme Court abandoned jurisprudential commitments and created the impression that 5 Justices were determined to give Bush his victory without regards to the legal merits of the case.  Claims the Court could have deferred to Congress as the better and more constitutional decision-making institution over the election controversy.

Semetko, Holli.  “Strategery, Dignitude, and Election 2000: Citizens, Media and the Crisis of Legitimacy,” 36 Acta Politica 1 (Spring 2001): 23.

Asserts that voters were more attentive to and involved in the campaign after election day than they were before the election.  States that the voters were guided by their personal and partisan viewpoints.

Singer, Jane.  “Campaign Contributions: Online Newspaper Coverage of Election 2000,”  80 Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 1 (Spring 2003): 39.

Looks at the significance of websites for journalists and examines websites that countered the criticism in  traditional media coverage of campaigns and elections.

Smith, Troy.  “Federalism in the 2000 Presidential Election,”  31 Publius 3 (2001): 71.

Compares and contrasts the federalism of Bush and Gore.

            Smolka, Richard.  “Recommendations For Reform,” 12 Journal of Democracy 2 (April 2001): 146.

Contends the US election system is basically sound, but it could be enhanced by some improvements in a few areas.

            Soudriette, Richard.  “Promoting Democracy At Home,” 12 Journal of Democracy 2 (April 2001): 133.

Suggests that even long-established democracies must constantly seek to enhance their election systems in order to ensure credibility. Asserts that “it is time for the U.S. to apply at home what it has long been teaching in other lands.”

Speckman, Karon.  “Who Did A Better Job Informing Youth Voters In The 2000 Election - TV Network News or Online News?”  2 White House Studies 4 (2002): 425.

Says that both media ignored the youth and issues important to them.

            Stephen, Andrew.  “In Florida, They’re Still Counting,” 130 New Statesman (April 2, 1996): 20.

Points out that Bush’s brother, who is governor of Florida and faces reelection in 2002, might become the first politically irrevocable casualty of his brother’s ascendancy. Reviews Katherine Harris’ plans of reform for the state’s voting system.

            Storey, Tim.  “In Search of a Perfect Election,” 27 State Legislatures 2 (February 1, 2001): 17.

Calls for reforming the process of voting.

            Sweet, Martin.  “Eye of the Storm: Voting Behavior and Political Attitudes in Palm Beach County,”  Paper prepared for delivery at the 2001 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, San Francisco, August 30-September 2, 2001.
Investigates voter confusion over the butterfly ballot and its aftermath.

Taylor, Andrew.  “Cooperation or Chaos: Organizing a 50-50 Senate,” CQ Weekly  (December 2,  2000): 2762.

The one heading includes Committee Ratios.

Teachout, Terry.  “Republican Nation, Democratic Nation?” 111 Commentary 1 (January 2001): 23.

Probes the voting populations of urban and suburban areas and rural and small-town areas to produce an electorate that is culturally polarized.

Traugott, Michael.  “Assessing Poll Performance in the 2000 Campaign,” 65 Public Opinion Quarterly 3 (Fall 2001): 389.

Shows that different evaluations could have been made based on predictions that were estimated by forecasting the correct winner or on those that achieve statistical familiarity.

            US Commission on Civil Rights.  “Probe of Election Practices in Florida During the 2000 Presidential Election,” (September 11, 2001).

http://www.usccr.gov/vote2000/flmain.htm

Presents full-text documents resulting from the commission’s investigation into the election practices in Florida during the election.

           United States General Accounting Office.  “Elections: Perspectives on Activities and Challenges Across the Nation,” GAO-02-3 (October 2001).

http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?gao-02-3

A 400-plus page report from GAO with sections devoted to Recounts, Contested Elections, Challenges, Voting Technology, Vote Certification, and other issues coming out of the election.

            ----.  “Elections:  Statistical Analysis of Factors That Affected Uncounted Votes in the 2000 Presidential Election,” GAO-02-122 (October 15, 2001).
http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?gao-02-122

            ----.  “Elections: A Framework for Evaluating Reform Proposals,” GAO-02-90 (October 15, 2001).
http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?gao-02-90

            US Government Printing Office.  “US Supreme Court: George W. Bush, et al., Petitioners Versus Albert Gore, Jr., et al.” (2001).

Offers the full text of legal documents pertaining to the election.  Explains why the US Supreme Court reversed the judgment of the Supreme Court of Florida ordering a recount after the December 12 deadline of the election returns in favor of Gore.

http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/supremecourt/00-949_dec12.fdf

            US House of Representatives, Special Investigations Division of the Committee on Government Reform.  “Income and Racial Disparities in the Undercount in the 2000 Presidential Election,”  (July 2001).

http://www.house.gov/reform/min/pdf/electionsnationalstudy.pdf

Highlights voting results from 40 congressional districts in 20 states.  Analyzes the percentage of uncounted votes for president in each of the 40 districts.

            Veshnyakov, A.  “Reflections From Russia,” 12 Journal of Democracy 2 (April 2001): 143.

Written by the chairman of the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation. Major topics are the technical conduct of the vote, election administration, centralizing electoral control, and resolving electoral disputes.

            Waldman, Paul and Kathleen Jamieson. “Rhetorical Convergence and Issue Knowledge in the 2000 Presidential Election,” 33 Presidential Studies Quarterly 1 (March 2003): 145.

Note the ignorance of the public concerning the issues, and claim this was harmful to Gore because many people actually agreed with Gore on his issues.

Wand, Jonathan and Kenneth Shotts and Jasjeet Sekhon.  “The Butterfly Did It: The Aberrant Vote for Buchanan in Palm Beach County, Florida,” 95 American Political Science Review 4 (December 2001): 793.

Use regression models to discount alternative reasons for Buchanan’s anomalous votes.

Wang, Xi. “2000 Nian Meiguo Zongtong Daxuan Shuping,” Title translated is “An analytical history of the 2000 US presidential election,” 1 Meiguo Yanjiu (2001): 7. (very difficult to find a translated copy. Try google.com).

Gives a foreign viewpoint on the inconsistency of electoral laws and the influence of money in Election 2000.  Emphasizes that the legal problems occurring after Election 2000 show that the electoral system is actually undemocratic.

Warf, Barney and Cynthia Waddell.  “Florida in the 2000 Presidential Election: Historical Precedents and Contemporary Landscapes,” 21 Political Geography 1 (January 2002): 85.

Compare the 2000 election with the 1876 election. Influence of small groups is compared to voters nationwide.

Weaver, David and Dan Drew.  “Voter Learning And Interest In The 2000 Presidential Election: Did The Media Matter?”  78  Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 4 (2001): 787.

Use a random sample of Indiana residents to compare Election 2000 with the elections from 1988 to 1996.  Include print media in the comparison.

            Weisberg, Herbert and Timothy Hill.  “The Succession Presidential Election of 2000: The Battle of the Legacies,”  Paper prepared for delivery at the 2001 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, San Francisco, August 30-September 2, 2001.
State that presidential elections can be classified as open-seat races, incumbency elections, or succession elections when a designated successor runs.  Construct a model of voting in the election.  Say the moral legacy of the Clinton administration outweighed its economic legacy in the succession election of 2000.

            Wells, Scott.  “Engaging the Non-Engaged in Politics: A Study of Campaign 2000,”  Paper prepared for delivery at the 2001 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, San Francisco, August 30-September 2, 2001.
Examines the act of nonvoting.  Offers solutions.

            Wise, Charles.  “Election Administration In Crisis: An Early Look At Lessons From Bush Versus Gore,” 61 Public Administration Review 2 (March/April 2001): 131.

Claims the election exposed significant issues in judicial-administrative relations. Discusses lessons for the future of election administration and for public administration generally.

            Wlezien, Christopher.  “On Forecasting the Presidential Vote,” 34 PS, Political Science and Politics 1 (March 2001): 24.

http://madison.hss.cmu.edu/palm-beach.pdf

http://www.pollingreport.com

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A47391-2000Oct31.html

Briefly discusses forecasts of previous presidential elections and why they were right. Has an informative bibliography on forecasting in general.

            ----.  “Presidential Election Polls in 2000: A study in dynamics,”  33 Presidential Studies Quarterly  1 (March 2003): 172.

Young, Dannagal.  “Late-Night Comedy in Election 2000: Its  Influence on Candidate Trait Ratings and the  Moderating Effects of Political Knowledge and Partisanship,” 48  Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 1 (March 2004): 1.

Uses a content  analysis of late-night jokes in order to form an analysis of the predictors of late-night exposure ratings.

            Zywicki, Todd.  “The Law of Presidential Transitions and the 2000 Election,” 2001 Brigham Young University Law Review 4 (2001): 1573.

Books

        2000 Presidential Election: Bush v. Gore Florida Election Cases—Complete Supreme Court coverage (CD-ROM).  Progressive Management, August 2003: ISBN: 1592482813.

        Abramson, Paul, John Herbert Aldrich, David Rohde, and William Flanigan.  Change and Continuity in the 2000 Elections.  Congressional Quarterly, 2002.

        Ackerman, Bruce (ed).  Bush v. Gore: The Question of Legitimacy. Yale University Press, 2003.

Several legal scholars answer whether the US Supreme Court violated the rule of law and whether it began an era of super-politicized jurisprudence. A collection of 13 law essays from myriad professors, judges, and other members of the government. Presents arguments for and against the interference of the US Supreme Court in Election 2000, a matter that seemingly should have been resolved by Congress.

        Achenbach, Joel.  It Looks Like a President Only Smaller: Trailing Campaign 2000.  Simon & Schuster, 2001.

Captures the essence of the 2000 election humorously but insightfully.

        Adler, Renata.  Irreparable Harm: The U.S. Supreme Court and the Decision That Made George W. Bush President. Melville House Publishing, 2004. ISBN: 0974960950.

Shows how judges contradicted themselves by reporting the misquotes of their previous decisions.

        Benoit, William, John McHale, Glenn Hansen, P.M. Pier, and John McGuire.  Campaign 2000: A functional analysis of presidential campaign discourse.  Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, November 2003: ISBN: 0742529134.

Use political advertisements on television and radio, debates, television talk show appearances, campaign web pages, and convention speeches for examination of the campaign discourse of the primary and general election.

        Berry, Mary (ed).  Voting Irregularities in Florida During the 2000 Presidential Election: Report and appendix.  Diane Publishing Company, December 2003: ISBN: 0756719461.

Berry was in charge of the US Commission on Civil Rights that probed for a breaching of the Voting Rights Act. She has taken the stance that the Floridian governor and secretary of state were negligent in their duties regarding the election.

        Boyer, Paul and Sterling Stuckey.  The American Nation: Civil War to Present: Election 2000 Coverage.  Holt Rinehart & Winston, 2001.

        Carlson, Bruce.  The DangFunny Inside Story of Election 2000.  Xlibris Corporation, 2002.

Offers more humor than accuracy and fairness. Influenced by http://www.dangfunny.com/.

        Ceaser, James and Andrew Busch.  The Perfect Tie: The True Story of the 2000 Presidential Election.  Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2001.

Writing largely based on social science research.  Discuss the impact of floating voters and the candidates’ failure to woo them.

       Cook, Rhodes.  Race for the Presidency: Winning the 2000 Nomination.  Congressional Quarterly, 2000.
Written before the election.  Gives detailed information on the 2000 presidential nominating process. Includes state-by-state  rules of delegate-selection for both parties.

        Crotty, William (ed).  America’s Choice 2000: Entering a New Millennium.  Westview Press, 2001.

Not specifically devoted to the presidential election.  Provides 8 authoritative accounts and analyses of election dynamics.

        Danner, Mark.  The Road to Illegitimacy: What Really Happened in the 2000 Florida Vote Re-Count. Melville House Publishing, 2004.  ISBN: 0974960969.

Investigates the chaotic 2000 presidential election and retraces the ballot-by-ballot Florida recount. Interviews key organizers from the Bush and Gore camps. Reveals the partisan bickering and the effects of the Supreme Court’s ruling to halt the recount. (Annotation from the publisher.)

        De La Garza, Rodolfo and Louis Desipio.  Muted Voices: Latinos and the 2000 Elections. Rowman & Littlefield,  2004.  ISBN: 0742535916.

        Denton, Robert (ed).  The 2000 Presidential Campaign: A Communication Perspective.  Praeger Text, 2002.

Gives an analysis of the election with a political communication perspective.

        Dershowitz, Alan.  Supreme Injustice: How the High Court Hijacked Election 2000.  Oxford University Press, 2001.

Argues that the court’s majority let its desire for a particular partisan outcome have priority over legal principles. For small review, click here.

        Dionne, E. J. and William Kristol (eds).  Bush v. Gore: The Court Case and the Commentary.  Brookings Institution Press, 2001.

http://www.brook.edu/press/books/bush_v_gore.htm
Provide a collection of Florida and U. S. Supreme Court opinions on the ballot dispute.  Present advisory opinions of the Florida Secretary of State and Attorney General.

        Dougherty, Jon.  Election 2000: How the Military Vote Was Suppressed.  WorldNetDaily.com Publisher, 2001.

http://worldnetdaily.com/news/archives.asp?AUTHOR_ID=135

        Dover, E.D.  Missed Opportunity: Gore, Incumbency, and Television in Election 2000.  Praeger Text, 2002.

        ----. The Disputed Presidential Election of 2000: A history and reference guide.  Greenwood Publishing Group, May 2003: ISBN: 0313323194.

Consists of a annotated bibliography and 5 essays. Can be used at the high school level as well as the college level.

       Dworkin, Ronald (ed).  A Badly Flawed Election: Debating Bush v. Gore, the Supreme Court, and American democracy.  New Press, September 2002: ISBN: 1565847377.

A collection of 8 essays. The descriptor “badly flawed” in the title shows the editor’s viewpoint up front, but not all the essayists agree completely with the editor’s assessment. Schlesinger and Polsby discuss the electoral college. Other essayists include Tribe and Posner.

        Farnsworth, Stephen and Robert Lichter.  The Nightly News Nightmare: Network Television’s Coverage of U. S. Presidential Elections, 1988-2000. Rowman & Littlefield, 2002. ISBN: 0742519066.

Look at campaign coverage over the past four presidential elections and tracks its changing nature in terms of objectivity, negativity, quantity, and overall quality. Analyze the content of over 5800 network campaign stories and 9500 campaign items from other sources ranging from public television to newspapers to campaign speeches in order to compare what the candidates said with what the networks say they said. (Annotation from the publisher.)

        Fife, Brian, Geralyn M. Miller, and Robert Jay Dilger.  Political Culture and Voting Systems in the United States: An Examination of the 2000 Presidential Election.  Praeger Text, 2003.       

        Fund, John H.  Stealing Elections: How Voter Fraud Threatens Our Democracy.  Encounter Books, 2004. ISBN: 1594030618.

Looks at the future of electronic voting.

        Gillman, Howard.  The Votes That Counted: How the Court Decided the 2000 Presidential Election.  University of Chicago Press, 2001.

Nonpartisan analysis of the major court actions in the contested aftermath of the 2000 presidential election. For small review, click here.

        Goldstein, Michael.  Guide to the 2000 Presidential Election.  CQ Press, 2000.

Written before the election.  Topics include the changing political context, preliminaries, nomination, and campaign trail.

        Goldstein, Scott.  E2K: the story of election 2000 and its impact on America’s youth.  Booksurge LLC, 2001. ISBN: 1588985695.

        Gottfried, Ted.  The 2000 Election: Thirty-Six Days of Discord and Doubt.  Millbrook Press, 2002.

        Greene, Abner.  Understanding the 2000 Election: A Guide to the Legal Battles That Decided the Presidency.  New York University Press, 2001.

Includes sections on winning the presidency, protesting the election, challenging hand counts in Federal Court, the unconstitutionality of Florida’s hand counts, and the butterfly ballot. Describes, with analysis, the manual recounts of ballots, GOP federal court lawsuits challenging those recounts, 2 Florida Supreme Court opinions, lawsuits over butterfly and absentee ballots, the role of the Florida legislature and the Congress in resolving the disputes, and two US Supreme Court decisions. For small review, click here.

        Greenfield, Jeff.  Oh, Waiter! One Order of Crow: Inside the Strangest Presidential Election Finish in American History.  Putnam Publishing Group, 2001.

Hypercritical commentary, from a CNN anchor, on the working press, legal scholars of the left and right, and the Republicans and Democrats.

        Gunderson, Cory.  2000 Presidential Election.  Abdo & Daughters, June 2004:  ISBN: 1591972841.

Book is classified under juvenile, nonfiction history.

        Gutman, Dan.  Landslide: A Kids Guide To The U S Elections 2000 Edition.  Aladdin, 2000. ISBN: 0689835914.

        Harris, Katherine.  Center of The Storm.  Thomas Nelson, 2002.

Provides insight into some of the scenes of Election 2000 that took place behind closed doors.       

        Hasen, Richard.  The Supreme Court and Election Law: Judging equality from Baker v. Carr to Bush v. Gore.  New York University Press,  November 2003: ISBN: 0814736599.

Asserts that political equality should be addressed in political processes rather than judicial processes and that many of the election law cases handled by the Supreme Court since 1962 are wrong.

        Hill, Steven.  Fixing Elections: The Failure of America’s Winner Take All Politics.  Routledge, 2003.  ISBN: 0415931940.

Lists some of the problems of the current election system as single-digit voter turnout in elections all across the nation;  a Congress that does not look or think like America;  national policy dangerously adrift from public opinion;  a president who won with less than a popular majority and fewer votes than his main opponent;  a growing divide between city-dwellers and middle-America;  bitter national division and regional fragmentation that has not been seen since the 1960s;  political consultants producing McCampaigns of poll-tested blandness;  and campaign tricks and tactics. (Annotation from the publisher.)

        Inoue, Yasuhiro.  Selective exposure, uses and gratifications of a cyber election campaign: Presidential Election 2000 (Dissertation, #AAT 3090607 Nov. 2003). Michigan State University, 2001. 

Argues that how much an individual is receptive to a presidential campaign is dependent on stored political information, long-term partisan predispositions, and existing vote intentions. Uses a panel data set of 29,000 respondents collected by Knowledge Networks during the 2000 presidential election. Finds that individuals most likely to change their vote intentions are undecided voters, Independents, and party supporters.

        Institute of Politics at Harvard University (ed).  Campaign For President: The managers look at 2000.  Hollis Publishing Company, 2003:ISBN: 188418619X.

Based on the 2001 conference held by the Kennedy School of Government.

        Issacharoff, Samuel and Pamela Karlan and Richard Pildes.  When Elections Go Bad: The Law of Democracy and the Presidential Election of 2000.  Foundation Press, 2001.

Explore the boundary between the law that is treated as implicating federal issues and the law that is treated as implicating state issues.  Explore some remedial possibilities, such as ordering new elections, enjoining upcoming elections, and statistical adjustments to vote totals.

        Jacobson, Arthur and Michel Rosenfeld.  The longest night: Polemics and perspectives on election 2000.  University of California Press, 2002. ISBN: 0520235495.

Contains a thorough chronology of the events in Florida, a detailed account of the institutional structure of American presidential elections, a series of analyses both criticizing and defending the decisions in Bush v. Gore, American perspectives on the Florida struggle and America’s electoral system, and a debate on maintaining or reforming the electoral college. The authors include participants in the legal and political battles surrounding the Florida election, foreigners charged with monitoring and supervising elections, and scholars from many disciplines specializing in constitutionalism, democracy, and American election law. (Annotation from the publisher.)

        Jamieson, Kathleen and Paul Waldman.  Electing the President, 2000: The Insiders’ View.  University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001.

Authors were Gore and Bush strategists.

        Jacobson, Arthur and Michel Rosenfeld (eds).  The Longest Night: Polemics and Perspectives on Election 2000.  University of California Press, 2002.

Consists of essays from multidiscipline authors with topics such as the criticism and defense of the decisions in Bush v. Gore, perspectives on the electoral system, and a debate on keeping the current electoral college intact or changing it.

        Jenkins, Cheryl.  Gatekeeping in the Black Press: A Qualitative Content Analysis of News Story Selection in Black Press Newspapers during the 2000 US Presidential Election.  (Dissertation, # DA3085413).